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Osama bin Laden is Dead: In case you haven’t heard, Osama bin Laden was killed in a raid conducted by US Navy Seals according to a surprise announcement by President Obama Sunday night. Osama was found in Pakistan. The announcement was met with joy by many Americans, who gathered to show their support outside [...]

Despite fears of unruly behavior, a talk by Karl Rove in Call Auditorium on April 13 went smoothly. Former President George W. Bush’s senior advisor and campaign manager was brought to campus by the Cornell Republicans and the Cornell University Programming Board to speak about his thoughts on the upcoming 2012 presidential election, with as [...]

US and Mexico reach proposed deal over trucking dispute
Violetta Torres-Baron
The US and Mexico have reached a proposed deal to open US highways to Mexican trucks, raising hopes of an end to a 20-year dispute. US President Barack Obama said the nations had “found a clear path to resolving” the roadblock in relations. US and Mexican [...]

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Fast forward to the presidential election of 2008 and health care is once again drawing the Democratic primary candidates into fierce domestic policy debates. “How is it that the wealthiest nation on the earth can’t afford to provide [health care] coverage to all its people” argued Senator Barack Obama during a televised Q&A session. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, The Democratic frontrunners, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, took jabs at each others’ approaches to health care reform, yet the real boxing match would take place once President Obama started pressuring Congress to actually pass a health care bill in January of 2009. Purchase Cialis, Inevitably, partisan tension increased on Capital Hill through the summer, vicious slander directed at health care reform emanated from both Tea Party protesters and U.S. Representatives alike, buy Cialis from mexico, and the president’s push for unprecedented health care legislation seemed indefinitely stalled. Nevertheless, Cialis from canadian pharmacy, the president’s tenacious, skilled, and nuanced legislative strategy yielded the passage of a comprehensive health care bill.

How did President Obama triumph legislatively where the Clinton administration had failed. The answer to this question lies in the     President’s relationship with the Congress, fast shipping Cialis. In this paper I will focus on the differences between President Obama and President Clinton’s relationship with Congress in proposing health care legislation, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. I will argue that in order for the president to pass such monumental social legislation the White House must personally work step by step with Congress in formulating legislation, master the bully pulpit, Buy Cialis without prescription, and gain the support of congressional leadership. However, this approach is only as successful as the political context in which it is undertaken. Thus, Cialis trusted pharmacy reviews, it is my aim to not only explain the essential ways in which the Obama administration fostered a multilateral policy initiative with Congress, but also to examine the electoral conditions that set the stage for Barack Obama and Bill Clinton’s push for health care in Democratically controlled Congresses.

Firstly, Buy Cialis from canada, let us examine the executive office personnel that gave Obamacare the edge over Hillarycare. Congress is an institution that relies heavily on personal connections and political insiders. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, George Edwards, a professor of political science at Texas A&M asserts, that "White House aides of both parties believe that servicing the requests of members in Congress is important for building goodwill towards the [president’s agenda]” (153).  For example, the White House Legislative Liaison Office often assists Senators and Representatives draft speeches relating to the president’s agenda, provides members with summaries of key legislative proposals, data on a particular bill, and personal advice on legislation from White House officials (Huitt 83). Moreover, “presidents who put a strong emphasis on consultation with Congress, buy no prescription Cialis online, communicating often personally or through staff with legislators, will get high marks and succeed in the House and Senate” (Andres and Griffin 108).

How is this important to the congressional health care battles waged by presidents Clinton and Obama. Online buy Cialis without a prescription, While although President Obama had slightly more personal experience in dealing with Congress, given that he served a term in the U.S. Senate, than former governor Clinton, rx free Cialis, differences in White House staff truly differentiated the two health care struggles. President Obama understood that for his health care agenda to be successful he needed to pack the White House with congressionally well-connected and well-versed staffers. In many respects President Obama took a page from LBJ’s famously successful legislative playbook when he hired congressional insiders such as Rahm Emmanuel, Pete Rouse, Peter Orzag, and Melanie Barnes, all of whom have tremendous congressional and health care policy experience, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. Buy Cialis without a prescription, As President Johnson’s senior advisor and Professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin Ralph K. Huitt puts it,

Johnson’s staff had the necessary components of a competency to deal with Congress. They were subject-matter people, where to buy Cialis. There was, for health and education, Canada, mexico, india, Douglas Carter, a highly intelligent and sensitive man who learned what was on the books, merits and demerits of a proposal, and the nuances of the relationships among individuals and groups interested in his policy area, where can i buy cheapest Cialis online. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, Most importantly he was accessible to not only Congress and agency people, but also to interest groups, whose legitimacy he recognized (Huitt 74).

Just as White House figures like Douglas Carter were critical in maintaining a strong and cooperative policy relationship with Congress during the Johnson administration, Obama’s health care policy team was as equally as informed and connected. For instance, White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emmanuel watched Hillarycare die in the Congress as a White House staffer in 1994 and was not about to repeat the same mistakes. Online buying Cialis hcl, Furthermore, he had developed important friendships with congressional leadership during his six-year stint in the House of Representatives. Additionally, Melanie Barnes, buy Cialis online no prescription, a pivotal White House domestic policy advisor and former senior aide to Senator Ted Kennedy, used her congressional connections and knowledge of health care policy to facilitate congressional-presidential cooperation (Frontline: Obama’s Deal).

Conversely, Where can i order Cialis without prescription, the Clinton health care policy team consisted primarily of economists, policy makers and strategists from outside of D.C’s. inner circle. Appointed to head the health care special task force, First Lady Hillary Clinton, although very knowledgeable, congenial, and competent, lacked critical D.C, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. experience and was viewed as a pesky outsider by Congress, buy generic Cialis. Moreover, assistant to the First Lady on health care reform, Order Cialis from mexican pharmacy, Ira Magaziner, a close friend of the Clintons and a successful business consultant, was also a Washington novice with no prior success in governmental affairs (Broder 107). Therefore, Cialis for sale, ultimately, the Clinton administration ended up with a well-formulated policy proposal without the congressional support to pass it (Hacker 129).

President Obama appreciated the importance of including Capitol Hill veterans, Order Cialis from United States pharmacy, as well as policy experts, in pushing Congress to pass his health care plan. Presidential skill is critical in dealing with Congress and although President Obama lacked LBJ’s Senatorial sagacity, he valued the personal touch that only D.C, australia, uk, us, usa. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, insiders could achieve. Yet, more importantly, Real brand Cialis online, these very personal lines of communication between Congress and the President served a greater role than simply positively engaging Congress and creating support for Obamacare; they encouraged congressional leadership and other key legislators to collaborate directly with the president on health care reform.

To paraphrase Cornell political scientist Martin Shefter, committee chairs and congressional leaders are key components to building legislative momentum, without which any major piece of legislation is as good as dead on arrival in either house of Congress (Martin Shefter). In analyzing President Obama successful push for health care reform, Cialis samples, it is important to highlight the key role congressional leadership played in crafting legislation and legislative strategizing. As I have already shown, Buying Cialis online over the counter, President Obama understood the role of congressional relations in terms of staff and friendships, however, more than simply having White House staffers coddle and cajole Congress, President Obama anticipated the critical role congressional leadership would play in health care reform and therefore looked to ally himself with key Senators and the House leadership, japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal. Previously in 1993 and 1994 the Clinton administration shunned Congress because top advisors felt that committee chairs and other congressional leaders would not budge in their opposition to Hillarycare. According to health care expert Jacob Hacker, the Clintons therefore believed that “a strategy of accretion” was the only way to achieve congressional support for Hillarycare, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. In other words, Order Cialis no prescription, “Clinton would build up the support of the [congressional] leadership and then scale back the proposal to gain the votes of congressional moderates” (132). However, as Hacker explains, this strategy “did not win the support of either [congressional] group” (132), Cialis over the counter. Needless to say, this brazen display of presidential unilateralism turned out to be the wrong approach to health care reform. Where can i find Cialis online, The president achieves favorable legislative results when he uses “ties to chamber and committee leaders to cement support for important programs” (Spitzer 60). Buy Cialis Without Prescription, President Obama clearly understood this principle and sought to solidify the support of congressional leaders, even if it meant working with the initial critics of Obamacare.

Obama and Clinton’s respective relationships with the Chair of the Senate Finance Committee perfectly represent the essential difference between the two president’s legislative approaches in dealing with congressional leadership. Senator Max Baucus of Montana chaired the powerful Senate Finance Committee in 2009 as President Obama introduced his health care agenda. The president called on Baucus to work simultaneously with White House staff to reach a compromise on health care reform that would benefit both the interests of the Congress and the Oval Office and stressed united Democratic leadership in order to rally the rest of the chamber (Pear and Herszenhorn). This collaborative strategy increased support for health care at all levels of the congressional hierarchy and ensured Baucus’ crucial support as the bill got closer to a final vote, Cialis gel, ointment, cream, pill, spray, continuous-release, extended-release. On the other hand, President Clinton’s rapport with then Chair of the Finance Committee Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan was virtually non-existent throughout the Hillarycare debate. In fact, Moynihan felt so snubbed by the president that when he received the thousand-page Hillarycare proposal he told his staff that he wasn’t even going to read it (Frontline: Obama’s Deal), Buy Cialis Without Prescription. Buy cheap Cialis, These immensely different presidential relationships with the Senate Finance Chair illuminate the importance of President Obama’s strong ties with congressional leadership. In the words of political scientists Gary Andres and Patrick Griffin,

Working with congressional leadership emerges as one of the key tasks of White House staff in any review of process and tactics. It is an important ingredient to any legislative strategy, Cialis price, coupon. Strong relations with the congressional leadership make every other aspect of relating with the House and the Senate operate more smoothly and efficiently (110).

A final critical attribute of President’s Obama’s successful push for health care reform in Congress regards his ability to effectively rally constituent support. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, The president’s “bully pulpit” is critical because it can frame an initiative in a positive light and therefore garners national public support for a proposal, forcing members of Congress to listen to their constituents. President Obama became the leading spokesperson for health care reform in an attempt to avoid Hillarycare’s communications debacle. Buy Cialis no prescription, Failing to address the public early on and consistently regarding health care reform, President Clinton was left with minimal public support for his proposal. Meanwhile, the health insurance lobby spent  $10.5 million disparaging Hillarycare with it’s infamous “Harry and Louise” advertising campaign (Hacker 145), kjøpe Cialis på nett, köpa Cialis online. This public relations nightmare for the White House inevitably meant that “President Clinton could not expect members of Congress to seriously pursue legislative compromise in the absence of strong public support” (Hacker 144). In 2009, however, President Obama set out across the country on an Obamacare campaign to leverage congressional support for his proposal, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. In an example of this kind of bully pulpit politicking, Order Cialis online c.o.d, speaking in front of an impassioned pro-health care reform audience at a rally in Ohio, Mr. Obama explicitly goaded Democratic Representative Dennis Kucinich to vote yes on Obamacare (Gay-Stolberg). This brash message not only secured the vote of wavering Kucinich, purchase Cialis online no prescription, it reinforced the president’s ability to rally public opinion and signaled to other representatives that the president was willing to go straight to their home districts to swing their vote. This carefully orchestrated public relations campaign eventually triumphed when health care passed in late March 2010. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, Yet, more importantly, Obama’s powerful media campaign demonstrates another fundamental component of legislative success that the Clinton administration utterly failed to utilize when interacting with Congress in 1994.

Regardless of the intricacies of presidential-congressional relations, the political climates in which Clinton and Obama took on health care reform were fundamentally different. Where to buy Cialis, And although the critical differences in presidential-congressional relations I have cited in earlier paragraphs undoubtedly influenced the fates of Obamacare and Hillarycare, there is a significant possibility that these presidential nuances only marginally affected the bills’ final outcome. Most notably, the presidential election results of 1992 led a Democratic Congress to believe that perhaps the American electorate was not as progressive as it might seem, comprar en línea Cialis, comprar Cialis baratos. Texas millionaire and deficit-hawk Ross Perot received nineteen million popular votes. Why is this important to the Hillarycare debate. An astonishing 18% of liberals and 21% of moderates cast their votes for Ross Perot in 1992 (Roper Center Public Opinion Archives), Buy Cialis Without Prescription. Order Cialis online overnight delivery no prescription, Subsequently, I believe many House and Senate Democrats that depended on moderate voters to maintain their seats in Congress feared that by supporting Clinton’s big government health care bill they would drive deficit-hawk Ross Perot voters to vote Republican in the 1994 mid-term elections. Stated differently, I surmise that Democrats on the Hill read the political tea leafs and concluded that the moderate voting block was on the verge of shifting dramatically in favor of the GOP.  Without a doubt the moderate votes that went to Ross Perot in 1992 deprived George H, where can i buy Cialis online. Bush the chance to seriously challenge Bill Clinton for the presidency. More importantly for my hypothesis, Where to buy Cialis, from this electoral phenomenon Democrats in Congress grew uneasy about anything that would cause their moderate base to defect to the Republicans, effectively limiting Democratic congressional support for Hillarycare. Buy Cialis Without Prescription, However, fourteen years later in the presidential elections of 2008 Barack Obama secured the moderate vote comfortably and going into the health care debate there was significantly less apprehension on the part of congressional members from moderate constituencies. Therefore increased electorate stability allowed support for Obamacare to flourish in a Democratic Congress.

As we have seen, factors ranging from White House personnel to Ross Perot influenced the outcomes of Hillarycare and Obamacare. In the political circus that is Washington D.C. it is important to remember that the Congress predominates the legislative scuffle. External and intra-institutional disagreements define presidential-congressional relations. Therefore, it is the case regarding Hillarycare that swaying national political sentiment among moderates only compounded President Clinton’s mismanaged and naïve legislative strategy, Buy Cialis Without Prescription. On the other hand, the tremendous political momentum behind President Obama in 2008 assured a Democratic Congress that it was politically safe to support the president’s health care bill. Nevertheless, a thoughtful multilateral legislative approach to health care reform also helped President Obama squeak his reform package through Congress with the help of reconciliation. In the end, Press Secretary Robert Gibbs summed it up best. “Change is never easy; that change takes time; that change has to go through Congress."

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Spring 2010 – Issue #7

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This week Dimtry Medvedev and Barack Obama met in Prague to sign the historic new START treaty. MSNBC, CNN, and the rest of the gang flocked to Czech capital to cover this reunion of former Cold War foes. Camera crews and diplomats assembled, the two nations agreed to reduce their nuclear arsenals significantly over the [...]

The newly-risen sun and the collective body heat generated by the massive crowd couldn’t keep my bones from trembling or my teeth from chattering. Packed among hundreds of people, I waited to get into the National Mall, where, along with the nine other Cornell Democrats who came to Washington DC, I would witness the inauguration [...]

Spring 2009 – Issue #5

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